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Background: Pneumonia contributes to between 7, 50,000 and 1.2 million neonatal deaths and an unknown number of stillbirths each year worldwide1. It is estimated that 3.9 million of the 10.8 million deaths in children annually worldwide occur in the first 28 days of life.2 Neonatal pneumonia can be preventable if it is diagnosed as early as possible. Early recognition and prompt management are essential for the better outcome.Aim and objective: To determine bacterial etiology of neonatal pneumonia and to study the risk factors associated with neonatal pneumonia.Methods: A prospective, descriptive study was conducted for the duration of one year from July 2014 to June 2015 in Pragna children's Hospital, a tertiary care centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. A total of 100 neonates were admitted in Pragna children's Hospital with the signs and symptoms of neonatal pneumonia. A detailed history was taken including age, obstetric history of the mother, detailed birth history including resuscitation details and gestational age assessment were evaluated.Results: Out of 100 cases, 39(39%) neonates were preterm babies and 61(61%) were term. Also found history of Prolonged Rupture of Membrane (PROM) in 22% cases, maternal fever in 18%, home deliveries in 14% and foul smelling liquor in 18%. Out of 100 cases, 51 (51%) cases had positive finding in Chest X-Ray for neonatal pneumonia and 57(57%) had pneumonia with septicemia. Out of 100 cases, 9% of cases are positive for Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS), 5% for Klebsiella pneumonia, 2% for Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the remaining 84% of the cases had no growth for any organism.Conclusions: Major predisposing factors included PROM, foul smelling liquor, maternal fever, and home deliveries. CONS was the commonest organism isolated in blood culture.
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Background: Respiratory distress is a medical emergency responsible for most of the admissions in NICUs during neonatal period. It is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality and results from a variety of respiratory and non-respiratory etiology. It occurs in 0.96 to 12% of live births and responsible for about 20% of neonatal mortality. Aim of study to find out the proportion of patients with different etiology of respiratory distress in neonates.Methods: The present study is a prospective, descriptive study which was carried out at neonatal units attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur. All the neonates with respiratory distress admitted in NICU admitted from April 2012 to March 2013were selected for the present study. Detailed history including antenatal history, natal history, postnatal history with thorough clinical examinations and investigations done in each case and were recorded in the performa.Results: A total of 500 neonates were admitted and among them 375 were inborn (delivered in our hospitals) and 125 out-born (referred to our hospitals from outside). In inborn group hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was the most common cause (32%) of respiratory distress and in out-born congenital pneumonia/septicaemia (34.4%). There was male preponderance in both inborn and out-born groups with male: female ratio 1.45:1 and 1.6:1 respectively.Conclusions: Majority of cases in both inborn and out-born groups were preterm (56.8% and 54.4% respectively) which emphasises the need for care of mother during antenatal period for prevention of premature delivery.
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Background: Children with cleft lip and cleft palate come across lot of impediment, hurdles in society. There are several social factors which hinders the proper nourishment of CL only, CP or CLP children, so majority of them tend to suffer malnutrition due to lack of standard care especially from their parents and society. Due to even low socio-economic status, impact on growth of these children is vexatious. However potential risk of malnutrition is particularly more during early childhood. Moreover, till date there are not much significant data on malnutrition in CL only, CP or CLP children. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in non syndromic CL only, CP or CLP in south India.Methods: Anthropometric parameters weight for age z score (WAZ), height for age z score (HAZ), of children with CLP were compared with age matched controls.Results: Prevalence of PEM and stunting for cleft group were 40% and 21.3% respectively compared to 33.33% and 17.33% for the control. Differences in the underweight, and stunting between the two groups were not statistically significant (?2=2.83, p value=0.58, and ?2=1.48, p value=0.69 respectively).Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of malnutrition in children with non- syndromic cleft lip and Palate compared with control.
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Background: Plant poisonings are one of the significant causes of accidental poisoning among pediatric age group. As jatropha is being increasingly being cultivated in new regions for its economic benefit as a source of biodiesel, accidental poisoning among children are being reported. As with many members of the family euphrobiaceae, Jatropha contains compounds that are highly toxic. Jatropha Curcas is one of the best oil seed plants and identified as most suitable oil seed bearing plant due to its various favorable attributes. The objectives of this study were to determine the spectrum of clinical presentation and morbidity and mortality related to this poisoning.'''''Methods: Data was collected from January 2012 to December 2013, total 19 cases of Jatropha were examined. Descriptive analyses and measures of central tendency were performed on the demographic data to describe the sample.Results: Overall 78 % of children presented with vomiting, pain abdomen and loose stool, while 15% were admitted with only complaints of vomiting, furthermore only 5 % had both symptoms of vomiting and loose stools. There was no mortality related to Jatropha poisoning out of 19 cases.Conclusions: In recent years there are increasing number of children being admitted to hospital with accidental ingestion of Jatropha seeds. Like in other reported studies present patients had predominant gastrointestinal symptoms and recovered well with supportive measures. There were no mortality or complications in present patients.' Extensive awareness among the rural community and medical fraternity alike is needed about this potential lethal plant poison.
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Background: School children are at a development age and it is important that they do not carry excessive loads. Heavy school bags can change the body posture and the musculoskeletal system must react appropriately in order to compensate for this stress. There is still no consensus about a guideline for weight of school bags. The objective of the present study was to asses the bag weight in school going children, Compare the bag weight with the whole-body weight of children, Percentage of bag weight to whole body weight at different age groups.Methods: 727 children (413 males and 314 girls) were examined from different schools in Davangere. Descriptive analyses and measures of central tendency were performed on the demographic data to describe the sample.Results: Overall 21.7% of children carry a bag which is >25% of their body weight, 46.5% children are carrying a bag >20% of their body weight and 74.7% of children carry a bag of >15% of their body weight. 40.9% children between 8-10 years carry bag of >25% and 39.8% of them between 11 -13 years carry bag of >20% and this is statistically significant (p = 0.000).Conclusions: The weight of schoolbags of school children were higher than the internationally acceptable standards in majority of school children. The school authorities and ministry of health should further evaluate and take the necessary steps to rectify the situation. Early intervention and good regulation can prevent long term complication.
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Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is a multifactorial vaso-proliferative retinal disorder that increases in incidence with gestational age. ROP is a vascular retinal disease that can cause low vision or blindness. ROP is a common blinding disease in children in the developed world despite current treatment and is becoming increasingly prevalent in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factor and outcome of ROP among premature infants admitted to NICU of Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre-Vijaypur.Methods: Preterm babies less than 35 weeks of gestation or less than 2000grams of birth weight delivered in or referred to Department of Paediatrics at B. L. D. E. U's Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapur.Results: Of 153 neonates screened 49 infants had ROP. The incidence of ROP in this study was found to be 32.02% among the babies screened. 25 babies were in stage 1(51.0%) 19 babies were in stage 2(38.8%) two babies from stage 2 progressed to plus disease and 5 babies with APROP (10.2%).Conclusions: The present study reflects the problem of ROP in a tertiary care centre. The incidence of ROP in our study was 32.02 % for any stage. The percentage of neonates who had ROP in the gestational age group ?32 weeks 36.5%, 24.1%in the 32-36 weeks gestational age group and 40 % in >35 weeks of gestational age group. A statistically significant correlation between birth weight and ROP was also shown in our study. Our study showed greater risk of developing ROP with birth weights less than 1750g. There exists a statistically very high significant correlation between ROP and supplemental oxygen. Also, there is a statistically significant correlation between RDS and ROP.